Sunday, March 18, 2018

Bearing Rich Fruit/Reiche Frucht bringen



A Sermon preached in German on 18th March 2018, Lent V, at the Friedenskirche (Alt-Katholisch), Wiesbaden 
Jeremiah 31:31-34, Hebräer 5:7-9, Johannes 12:20-33
An English summary follows the German text:

Mir tun die Griechen leid, die, wie wir gehört haben, an Philippus mit der Bitte herantraten, ‚Herr, wir möchten Jesus sehen.‘ (Joh. 12:21) Zwar kommt die Botschaft bei Jesus an. „Andreas und Philippus gingen und sagten es Jesus.“ (12:22) Sie werden aber nicht vorgelassen. Jesus scheint nicht gewillt, ihnen eine Audienz zu gewähren, und antwortet stattdessen, fast ein wenig schroff, „Die Stunde ist gekommen, dass der Menschensohn verherrlicht wird,“ bevor er mit einer pflanzlichen Metapher fortsetzt: „Wenn das Weizenkorn nicht in die Erde fällt und stirbt, bleibt es allein; wenn es aber stirbt, bringt es reiche Frucht.“ (12:23-24)

Warum dürfen die Griechen Jesus nicht sehen? Liegt es daran, dass sie Griechen sind? Sicher nicht. Gemeint sind ohnehin Menschen, die griechisch sprechen, nicht nur Hellenen. Es könnten z.B. auch Juden gewesen sein, die griechisch sprachen. Viele Juden in der Diaspora verstanden kein Hebräisch mehr. Deswegen wurden auch in der ägyptischen Hafenstadt Alexandria, alle Bücher der jüdischen Bibel ins Griechische übersetzt. Wahrscheinlicher ist aber, dass es sich schon um Nichtjuden handelte, aber um welche die sich dem jüdischen Glauben hinzugezogen fühlten, sogenannte Proselyten oder auf Deutsch, Hinzugekommene. Und das dürfte auch der Grund sein für die Reaktion Jesu. 

Jesus lehnt sie nicht ab, ganz im Gegenteil. Schließlich hat er auch im Johannesevangelium positive Begegnungen mit Nichtjuden, z.B. mit der Samariterin. Aber zu diesem Zeitpunkt – nach der fast triumphalen Ankunft in Jerusalem, und kurz vor dem letzte Abendmahl - werden diese Nichtjuden mit ihrem Verlangen nach ihm zum Zeichen, dass der erste Teil seiner Mission – in Israel und zu den Juden - vorbei ist. Jetzt geht es um die ganze Welt und um das Ziel, alle Menschen und Völker zu ihm zu ziehen und durch ihn zu Gott. Bald werden alle ihn sehen, Griechen wie Juden, und zwar wenn er am Kreuz, für alle sterbend, über die Erde erhöht wird. Erst durch und nach seinem Tod wird er „alle zu mir ziehen.“ (Joh. 12:32) Sein Tod ist, wie wir aber glauben, nur der Anfang. Darauf weist Jesus auch mit der Weizenkornmetapher hin: „Wenn das Weizenkorn nicht in die Erde fällt und stirbt, bleibt es allein; wenn es aber stirbt, bringt es reiche Frucht.“ 

Zumindest im Johannesevangelium verwendet Jesus immer wieder solche Gleichnisse. Bald – als Teil seines letzten Gespräches mit den Jüngern – wird er von sich als Weinstock sprechen (Joh. 15:5): „Ich bin der Weinstock, ihr seid die Reben. Wer in mir bleibt und in wem ich bleibe, der bringt reiche Frucht; denn getrennt von mir könnt ihr nichts vollbringen.“ Auch beim Weizenkorn geht es um reiche Frucht, aber wie soll das tote Weizenkorn reiche Frucht bringen? Durch das Wachstum und die Verwandlung des nur scheinbar toten und begrabenen Weizenkorns. Gerade jetzt, im Frühling, können wir diesen Wunder überall beobachten. 

Frühling ist der Triumph des Lebens über den Tod. Trübe oder zugeschneite Winterlandschaften verwandeln sich. Überall grünt es und blüht es in einer Art von Wiederauferstehung der Natur. Frühling ist auch der Sieg des Lichts. Langsam aber unaufhaltsam sind die Tage wieder länger geworden, und die Dunkelheit des Winters verschwindet. So wie die neu aus der Erde tretenden Blumen und Pflanzen uns an die Auferstehung erinnern, so soll auch die zunehmende Helligkeit an die Aussage zur Ankunft Christi ganz am Anfang des Johannesevangeliums erinnern: " Und das Licht leuchtet in der Finsternis und die Finsternis hat es nicht erfasst." (Joh. 1:5) 

Mit dem Bild vom Weizenkorn will Jesus nicht nur auf das Naturschauspiel, und auch nicht nur auf sich hinweisen. Natürlich dient es, die Ereignisse vom Karfreitag und Ostersonntag zu erklären – wie der Tod zum Leben werden kann. Aber, wie das andere Bild mit dem Weinstock zeigt, ist es auch Aufgabe der Jünger und alle Nachfolger der Jünger, also alle die sich Christen nennen, reiche Frucht zu bringen. 

Zuerst muss etwas in uns wachsen, der Glaube an den Gottessohn, der uns Menschen so sehr liebt, dass er bereit ist für alle Menschen in den Tod zu gehen. Und die Erkenntnis, dass nur sein Weg, der Weg der Liebe, des sich gegenseitig Dienens, der Selbstaufopferung, ein Weg mit Zukunft und ein Weg des Heils ist: „Wer sein Leben liebt, verliert es; wer aber sein Leben in dieser Welt geringachtet, wird es bewahren bis ins ewige Leben. Wenn einer mir dienen will, folge er mir nach; und wo ich bin, dort wird auch mein Diener sein. Wenn einer mir dient, wird der Vater ihn ehren.“ (12:25-26) 

Dieser Weg kostet Aufwand und Mühe. Nicht mal Jesus fällt es leicht, wie das Gespräch zeigt, das er mit seinem Vater führt, ein Gespräch das uns an die Beschreibung der letzten Stunden im Garten von Gethsemane erinnert, so wie sie von Markus, Matthäus und Lukas überliefert wird. „Jetzt ist meine Seele erschüttert,“ (12:27) beklagt er sich, bevor er sich daran wieder erinnert warum er in diese Stunde gekommen ist, um den Namen und das Wesen seines Vaters zu verherrlichen. Eine Absicht, die durch die Stimme vom Himmel bestätigt und bekräftigt wird. 

Eine solche tiefe Verwurzelung ist zwar Voraussetzung, bringt aber allein noch keine reiche Frucht. Die Erfahrung, die Erkenntnis, und die Botschaft muss noch weitergetragen werden. Um im Naturbild zu bleiben, die Weizenkorne müssen weit gestreut werden, sie müssen ausgesät werden, damit überall, in allen Ländern und Völkern, und vor allem in allen Herzen neues Leben blüht. Es reicht nämlich nicht, dass nur die Leute, wie die Griechen im Evangelium, Jesus finden, die ihn aktiv suchen.  

Am 1. Sonntag nach Ostern hören wir immer die Thomasgeschichte aus dem Johannesevangelium, wie Thomas, „der Zweifler,“ darauf besteht Jesus persönlich zu sehen, bevor er bereit ist an seiner Auferstehung zu glauben. Jesus zeigt sich, sagt aber auch: „Weil du mich gesehen hast, glaubst du. Selig sind, die nicht sehen und doch glauben.“ (20:29) Wie die Griechen und alle die zu ihm, am Kreuz, hingezogen wurden. 

Unsere Aufgabe heute ist es, Jesus erlebbar und im Glauben sichtbar zu machen. Wir müssen von seiner Liebe und von seinem Opfer erzählen. Wir müssen auch in unseren Leben und Handlungen, in unseren Kirchen und in der Gesellschaft Jesus in uns sichtbar und erlebbar machen. Dafür ist es notwendig, die Türen unserer Kirchen aufzumachen. Nicht nur, um uns gegenseitig einzuladen, nicht nur um alle, wirklich alle willkommen zu heißen, sondern auch um durch die offenen Türen hinauszugehen, in die Welt, mit dem Saat des Evangeliums. So, und nur so, bringen wir reiche Frucht.
Amen. 


English Summary:

I feel sorry for the Greeks, who approached Philip with the request, “Sir, we wish to see Jesus.” (John 12:21). Jesus does not seem willing to grant them an audience, and instead replies, almost harshly, "The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified," before continuing with a plant metaphor: " unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains just a single grain; but if it dies, it bears much fruit."(12: 23-24)

Why are the Greeks not allowed to see Jesus? Is it because they are Greeks? No, anyway “Greek” stands for people who speak Greek. Could be Greek-speaking Jews, in the diaspora many no longer understood Hebrew. Why Jewish Bible was translated into Greek in the Egyptian port of Alexandria. Much more likely that they were Gentiles, who felt attracted to the Jewish faith, so-called proselytes. 

Jesus does not reject them, on the contrary. In the Gospel of John there are also positive encounters with Gentiles, e.g. with the Samaritan woman. But at this point in his ministry they become a sign that the first part of his mission - in Israel and to the Jews - is over. Now his mission is to the whole world and his goal is to draw all people and peoples to him and through him to God. When he is raised above the earth on the cross, dying, everyone will see him, Greeks and Jews. Through his death he “will draw all people to myself." (John 12:32) And, as the metaphor with the grain of wheat shows, his death is only the beginning. Jesus also points out with the wheat grain metaphor: " unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains just a single grain; but if it dies, it bears much fruit."

Jesus uses this sort of parable again and again. In last conversation with the disciples, he will speak of himself as the vine (John 15: 5): " I am the vine, you are the branches. Those who abide in me and I in them bear much fruit, because apart from me you can do nothing." The comparison with the grain is also about bearing much fruit: How can the “dead” grain bring rich fruit? Through growth and transformation, something we can observe right now, in the spring: Spring is the triumph of life over death. Spring is also the victory of light.  The flowers and plants emerging from the earth remind us of the resurrection, and the increasing brightness points to the very beginning of the Gospel of John: "The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it. " (John 1: 5)

The image of wheat grain is not just about nature, and not just about Jesus. On the one hand, it serves to explain the events of Good Friday and Easter Sunday – transforming death into life. On the other, as the vine image shows, it is also the task of the disciples and all Christians to bring rich fruit.

First, something must grow in us, our faith in the Son of God, who loves us so much that he is ready to die for all people. And the realization that only his path, the path of love, of mutual service, of self-sacrifice, is a path with a future and a path of salvation: "Those who love their life lose it, and those who hate their life in this world will keep it for eternal life. Whoever serves me must follow me, and where I am, there will my servant be also. Whoever serves me, the Father will honour."(12: 25-26) This path is hard work. Not even Jesus finds it easy: " Now my soul is troubled " (12:27) he laments, before recalling his mission to glorify the name and nature of his father – as confirmed by the voice from heaven.

Being rooted in faith is a prerequisite but does not bring rich fruit on its own. Our experience, knowledge, and message must be transported – like seeds to be sown so that new life flourishes in all countries and peoples, and in all hearts. We cannot restrict ourselves to those who already actively seek him, as the Greeks do. 

On the first Sunday after Easter we hear the story of “Doubting Thomas,” insists on seeing Jesus before he is ready to believe. Jesus shows himself, but also says, " Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have come to believe.” (20:29) Just like the Greeks and all who were drawn to him on the cross.

How can we ensure that people today experience and see Jesus, in faith? We have to tell his story, speak of his love and his sacrifice. And we must make Jesus visible and tangible in our lives and actions, in our churches and in society. We need to open the doors of our churches. Not just to let people in, but also to go out through the open doors, into the world, carrying the seeds of the gospel. That is how we will bring rich fruit.
Amen.




Sunday, March 11, 2018

Unpacking John 3:16



A Sermon preached on 11th March 2018, Lent IV, at St. Augustine’s, Wiesbaden 

Numbers 21:4-9, Ephesians 2:1-10, John 3:14-21

“For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life.” (John 3:16)
This is one of the most widely quoted verses from the Bible and has been called the most famous Bible verse. It has also been called the "Gospel in a nutshell." It certainly plays a huge role in popular Christian culture in the US. The American Football player Tim Tebow is famous for having painted “John 3:16” on his face at a football match and some companies print John 3:16 on their packaging. While I am not convinced that being adorned with this text helps you win football games, I know that Mr. Tebow is genuinely sincere about his faith and not afraid to speak about it. How printing John 3:16 on a pizza box or a billboard is supposed to bring people to Christ escapes me.

But there is no question that this is a key statement about our faith, and worth unpacking, so that we can use it properly when we engage with others about our faith. That is after all how Jesus used it. This section of John’s Gospel is an account of his encounter with Nicodemus, a Pharisee and so this passage is part of their conversation about who Jesus is. 

The verse starts with God’s love, and that is where everything starts, including our existence. God created us out of love, to share in God’s creation. And out of love and out of God’s desire for a real relationship we were created with free will, with the ability to make choices, even bad ones. John has Jesus say not only God loved, but God so loved. The Greek allows for two meanings of “so”: Both the degree to which God loved the world – very much - as well as the manner in which God chose to express that love—by sending God’s only Son. Not just any messenger, not another human prophet, but God incarnate, God made human. That is a measure both of our importance, and of our desperate need for guidance, for salvation. Jesus’ role is not to condemn or judge, but to extend an open invitation to all who will listen to follow him into a new life in God.

But it is not just about us. Jesus does not say God so loved humanity, but that God loved the world, in Greek “cosmos,” which can also mean all of creation, not just the world, and certainly not only the human family. That is important because our behavior and our choices do not just impact us. As Paul writes in Romans (8:22), the whole creation has been groaning in pain and expectation of redemption. To accept God’s love means also to accept God’s love for all of creation and to care for it as God does: not just as something to be used, soiled and far too often wasted.  That is the path of darkness, not light. 

Now we come to what sounds like a condition: “So that everyone who believes in him.” What does it mean ‘to believe’ in this context? To believe is to have confidence or faith in something, or someone, in this verse in God’s only Son. What we are supposed to have confidence in, is that Jesus shows us who God is and that Jesus is bringing a message, a promise from God. Salvation, as Paul explains in his letter to the Ephesians, is a gift. “For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God.” (2:8) God’s gift of the Son comes first, not anything we do, including the act of believing. That can change over time, can weaken or waiver, or grown, but the promise does not change. God’s promise, God’s gift is always available for anyone at any time, if we choose to accept it. 

The word translated as believe could also be rendered as trust. And as “believing” in this context is not about signing up to a series of propositions, but about entering into a relationship, we could also talk about "trusting" or "entrusting” oneself to God and to God’s Son. Believing is also about following Jesus’ example, doing what is true – the “deeds done in God” (John 3:21) the “good works which God prepared to be our way of life.” (Ephesians 2:10) These are not conditions for God’s promise, but they are the means by which we can bring something of the eternal life, of God’s life, of the life of the kingdom into this this life, and not just for ourselves. Believing as action is also how we can lead others to this promise.

What is the promise? [That they] “may not perish but may have eternal life.”  Let us start with what this is not. Believing, trusting, and following Jesus will not protect us from harm, from evil and death in this life. Good, well-intentioned, and brave people are killed every day: some by accident, some by violence and mayhem. Nevertheless, God’s promise is also for the here and now. This is not just about a life to come. 

In the letter to the Ephesians, Paul wrote: “But God, who is rich in mercy, out of the great love with which he loved us even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ.” (Ephesians 2:5) The new and eternal life begins now, when we follow Christ. We share in his eternal, resurrected life today. On the other hand, we are as dead if we follow only our selfish and self-centered desires, or if in Jesus’ words we love darkness rather than light. This is the path to destroying both ourselves and many others at the same time. Instead of “perish,” the author Tom Wright translates this phrase as “should not be lost but should have eternal life,” emphasizing that salvation is about finding or being shown, and then taking the right way. 

The choice between perishing and eternal life is ours. Jesus does not judge, we judge ourselves when, despite his presence, his teaching, and his sacrifice we choose to love darkness rather than light. In his book the Great Divorce, C.S. Lewis writes: “There are only two kinds of people in the end: those who say to God, "Thy will be done," and those to whom God says, in the end, "Thy will be done." All that are in Hell, choose it. Without that self-choice there could be no Hell. No soul that seriously and constantly desires joy will ever miss it.” And in that book Hell is a grey town, grim and joyless, seemingly empty as those living there seek to distance themselves from one another, as well as from God.

The “Shema Yisrael” or just Shema is the title of a prayer based on Deuteronomy 6:4-5: “Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength.” Jews not only say this prayer at the beginning and the end of the day. During their prayers devout Jews will attach a little leather box containing this prayer on a piece of parchment to their arms and foreheads. This is in keeping with the injunction in verse 8 of that passage to “bind them as a sign on your hand, fix them as an emblem on your forehead.” 

It does sound a little like how some people use John 3:16, writing or even tattooing it on to their bodies, or having it printed on posters and, as I mentioned earlier, even packaging. John 3:16 is not all of the Gospel, and we already have a prayer to be said each day, the prayer that Jesus taught us. But as a Lenten discipline, try saying John 3:16 as our “Shema” every day this weekwhen you lie down and when you rise.” (Deuteronomy 6:7) This verse is well worth learning – as reminder of how God loves us all, that God’s love was and is embodied in Jesus Christ, that we are called to trust that person and to follow him, and that choosing to follow Jesus is the path to a new life in and with God: today and forever.
Amen.